Gabriel González Videla

Gabriel González Videla was a Chilean politician who served as president from 1946 to 1952. His government enacted the 1948 Law for the Permanent Defense of Democracy, which outlawed the Communist Party of Chile.

Law for the Permanent Defense of Democracy: A 1948 Chilean law that outlawed the Communist Party and removed its members from electoral registers. González Videla’s government enacted this law, reversing the Communist Party’s earlier place in his governing coalition.
Radical Party of Chile: A Chilean political party founded in 1863 that advocated secularism, republican government, and social reform. González Videla belonged to the party that supplied his political base and presidential candidacy.
Pablo Neruda: A Chilean poet, diplomat, and Communist senator who received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature. Neruda denounced González Videla’s anti-communist turn and faced persecution after the party was banned.
Popular Front: A political alliance of left-wing parties formed in several countries during the 1930s to oppose fascism. The broad coalition model contrasts with González Videla’s later exclusion of Chilean Communists.
Communist Party of Chile: A Chilean political party founded in 1922 that advocates communist politics and has participated in national elections. The party entered González Videla’s coalition before his government banned it in 1948.
Popular Front (Chile): A Chilean coalition of left-wing parties that governed from 1938 to 1941 under Pedro Aguirre Cerda. Its coalition precedent helped make Communist support for a Radical presidential candidate politically possible.
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo: A Chilean military officer and politician who served as president from 1927 to 1931 and 1952 to 1958. Ibáñez defeated González Videla’s political camp in the 1952 presidential election.
Political repression: The use of state power to restrict political opposition, organization, expression, or participation. The 1948 law made his government’s anti-communism a concrete case of legal political repression.
Pedro Aguirre Cerda: A Chilean Radical Party politician who served as president from 1938 until his death in 1941. His Popular Front government included Communists, whose alliance González Videla later abandoned.
Juan Antonio Ríos: A Chilean Radical politician who served as president from 1942 until his death in 1946. His death triggered the election that brought González Videla to the presidency.

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