Gaels

The Gaels are peoples historically associated with Gaelic languages and cultures in Ireland and parts of Scotland, with related communities elsewhere.

Goídel Glas: A legendary ancestor of the Gaels in medieval Irish origin stories. Medieval genealogies connected Gaelic identity to this mythical founding figure.
Irish language: A Goidelic language native to Ireland and spoken in Irish-speaking communities worldwide. Irish is the principal Gaelic language historically associated with Ireland.
Columba: A sixth-century Irish abbot and missionary who founded the monastery of Iona. His work linked Irish religious life with Gaelic communities in Scotland.
Brythonic languages: The branch of Insular Celtic languages that includes Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. Brythonic languages are a distinct Celtic branch from the Goidelic languages associated with Gaels.
Goidelic languages: The branch of Insular Celtic languages that includes Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx. These related languages are a central marker of Gaelic identity.
Scottish Gaelic: A Goidelic language spoken chiefly in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. It distinguishes the Scottish Gaelic tradition from Irish Gaelic traditions.
Adomnán: An Irish abbot of Iona who wrote the life of Columba in the late seventh century. His account preserves evidence about Gaelic religious and political networks.
Picts: The peoples of northern Britain known from ancient and early medieval sources, especially in what became Scotland. Their relationship to Gaelic-speaking kingdoms is historically significant but not equivalent to Gaelic identity.
Scoti: A Latin name used in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages for Gaelic-speaking peoples, especially those from Ireland. The name later became associated with Gaelic settlers in Scotland.
Manx language: A Goidelic language of the Isle of Man, revived after falling out of everyday community use. Manx shares Gaelic linguistic ancestry beyond Ireland and Scotland.

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