Galilean transformation

A change of space and time coordinates between inertial frames in Newtonian mechanics. It preserves absolute time and makes velocities add by ordinary vector addition.

Galilean relativity: The principle that the laws of mechanics have the same form in all inertial reference frames. The transformation connects frames in which mechanical laws are equivalent.
Reference frame: A coordinate system and associated clocks used to describe positions and events. A Galilean transformation changes the reference frame used to assign coordinates.
Lorentz transformation: A change of spacetime coordinates between inertial frames in special relativity that preserves the speed of light. It mixes space and time rather than preserving a universal time coordinate.
Galilean boost: A transformation between inertial frames moving at constant relative velocity. It is the uniform-motion part of the Galilean transformation.
Inertial frame: A reference frame in which a free body moves at constant velocity. Galilean transformations relate inertial frames moving uniformly relative to one another.
Coordinate system: A system of numbers and conventions used to specify locations. The transformation relates spatial coordinates assigned in two frames.
Special relativity: A theory of space, time, and motion in which inertial observers measure the same vacuum light speed. Its kinematics reject the absolute simultaneity assumed by Galilean transformations.
Classical mechanics: The study of motion using nonquantum theories such as Newtonian mechanics. Its ordinary-speed calculations commonly use Galilean coordinate changes.
Relative velocity: The velocity of an object measured relative to a specified reference frame. Frame velocities combine by ordinary vector addition under this transformation.
Inertial motion: Motion at constant velocity in the absence of a net force. The frames must move uniformly relative to each other for the standard transformation.

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