Ganges Delta

The Ganges Delta is a vast river delta spanning Bangladesh and eastern India, built chiefly by sediment from the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers.

Bengal Fan: The largest submarine sediment fan on Earth, formed by deposits carried from the Himalayas through the Ganges and Brahmaputra. Sediment eroded upstream continues beyond the delta into this enormous underwater deposit.
Sundarbans: The world's largest mangrove forest, spanning the coastal region of Bangladesh and India. These mangroves occupy the delta's tidal lower reaches and support distinctive wildlife.
Sea-level rise: The long-term increase in the average level of the world's oceans, driven mainly by warming and melting land ice. Rising seas increase coastal inundation and salinity pressures across the delta.
Ganges–Brahmaputra Delta: The delta formed by the Ganges and Brahmaputra river systems, often treated as the central part of the larger Bengal Delta. This narrower name highlights two principal rivers, unlike the three-river framing used here.
Ganges: A major South Asian river flowing from the Himalayas across northern India into Bangladesh. It supplies a principal branch and sediment source of the delta.
Bangladesh: A country in South Asia, bordered by India and Myanmar and opening onto the Bay of Bengal. Most of the delta lies within Bangladesh, where its rivers structure settlement and agriculture.
Land subsidence: The gradual or sudden sinking of Earth's surface relative to its surroundings. Natural compaction and human activity can lower delta land, intensifying flood exposure.
Bengal Basin: A large sedimentary basin beneath Bangladesh and adjacent parts of eastern India and the Bay of Bengal. The delta occupies the basin's low-lying surface and draws on its geological history.
Brahmaputra: A major transboundary river that flows from the Tibetan Plateau through India and Bangladesh. Its large discharge and sediment load help build and reshape the delta.
Cyclone Sidr: A powerful tropical cyclone that struck Bangladesh in November 2007, causing catastrophic coastal damage and loss of life. Its storm surge showed how cyclones can devastate low-lying delta communities.

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