Gangrene

Gangrene is tissue death caused by loss of blood supply, infection, or both. It can affect skin, limbs, or internal organs and may spread rapidly.

Ischemia: Inadequate blood flow deprives tissue of oxygen and nutrients. Reduced perfusion can start the tissue injury that develops into gangrene.
Acute limb ischemia: A sudden reduction in blood flow to a limb that threatens tissue viability. Urgent recognition can prevent an ischemic limb from progressing to gangrene.
Fournier gangrene: A rapidly spreading necrotizing infection of the perineum and external genital region. It is a severe, anatomically distinct form that requires urgent treatment.
Pressure ulcer: A localized injury to skin and underlying tissue caused by sustained pressure or pressure combined with shear. Both can involve tissue death, but pressure is the defining cause of a pressure ulcer.
Necrosis: Irreversible death of cells or tissues in a living organism. Gangrene is a clinical pattern of tissue necrosis, often involving a large area.
Peripheral artery disease: Narrowing of arteries outside the heart and brain, commonly reducing blood flow to the legs. Chronic poor circulation from this disease can cause limb tissue loss.
Necrotizing fasciitis: A rapidly progressive infection that destroys fascia and adjacent soft tissue. It can resemble wet gangrene but is defined by infection spreading along fascial planes.
Dry necrosis: Tissue death with little moisture, often associated with gradual loss of blood supply. Dry necrosis describes tissue appearance more broadly; dry gangrene is its clinical form in affected body parts.
Dry gangrene: A form of gangrene caused mainly by severe loss of blood supply, with dry, shrunken tissue. It illustrates tissue death with little or no bacterial infection.
Diabetic foot ulcer: An open wound on the foot associated with diabetes, often complicated by neuropathy or poor circulation. An infected or poorly healing ulcer can progress to gangrene.

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