Gasoline

Gasoline is a volatile liquid fuel made chiefly from hydrocarbons and used mainly in spark-ignition engines. Its volatility and resistance to engine knock are adjusted through refining and blending.

Petroleum refining: Petroleum refining separates crude oil into fractions and converts them into fuels and other products. Refining supplies and upgrades the hydrocarbon streams blended into gasoline.
Hydrocarbon: A chemical compound made only of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Most gasoline molecules belong to this broad chemical family.
Automobile: A road vehicle, usually with four wheels, designed primarily to carry passengers. Private cars account for much of gasoline's familiar use.
Diesel fuel: A petroleum-derived fuel used mainly in compression-ignition engines. Diesel engines ignite fuel by compression rather than by a spark.
Carbon dioxide: A colorless gas with the chemical formula CO₂, produced by combustion and other processes. Burning gasoline releases carbon dioxide from its carbon content.
Fractional distillation: A separation process that sorts a liquid mixture by differences in boiling point. It separates light naphtha fractions that can become gasoline components.
Alkane: A saturated hydrocarbon whose carbon atoms are joined by single bonds. Straight-chain and branched alkanes are common gasoline components.
Small engine: A compact engine used in equipment such as lawn mowers, generators, and portable tools. Many small spark-ignition engines run on gasoline.
Kerosene: A petroleum distillate used chiefly as jet fuel, heating fuel, and solvent. Kerosene is less volatile and generally heavier than gasoline.
Photochemical smog: Air pollution formed when sunlight drives reactions among nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Gasoline-related exhaust and evaporation contribute pollutants that can form smog.

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