Knowra Gay-Lussac's law (gas pressure) Gay-Lussac's law (gas pressure) For a fixed amount of gas at constant volume, pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature. It describes how heating or cooling a confined gas changes its pressure.
Ideal gas law : An equation relating a gas's pressure, volume, amount, and absolute temperature: PV = nRT. Holding amount and volume fixed reduces this equation to pressure proportional to temperature.
Charles's law : At fixed pressure and gas amount, volume is proportional to absolute temperature. It describes the temperature response when pressure, rather than volume, is held constant.
Pressure cooker : A sealed cooking vessel that raises water's boiling point by operating above atmospheric pressure. Heating trapped vapor raises its pressure when the vessel's volume changes little.
Real gas : A gas whose behavior departs from the ideal-gas model because molecules interact and occupy volume. At high pressure or low temperature, its pressure may not remain proportional to temperature.
Kinetic theory of gases : A model that explains gas behavior through the motion and collisions of microscopic particles. Heating raises particle kinetic energy, increasing momentum transferred to the container walls.
Boyle's law : At fixed temperature and gas amount, pressure is inversely proportional to volume. It supplies the complementary pressure–volume relation under a different fixed condition.
Constant-volume gas thermometer : A thermometer that infers temperature from a gas's pressure at fixed volume. Its temperature measurement directly uses the pressure–temperature proportionality.
Van der Waals equation : An equation of state that corrects the ideal gas law for molecular volume and attraction. Its corrections describe why real gases can depart from the simple proportionality.
Absolute temperature : Temperature measured from absolute zero, commonly in kelvins. The proportionality requires a scale whose zero corresponds to zero thermal motion in the idealized model.
Thermodynamic state : A description of a system through variables such as pressure, volume, temperature, and composition. The law relates two state variables while specifying which others remain unchanged.
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