Gaze

Gaze is the direction and duration of looking. It shapes visual attention and can communicate attention, emotion, and social intent.

Saccade: A rapid, ballistic eye movement that shifts the point of fixation. Saccades redirect gaze between points in a scene.
Eye-tracking study: A study that records eye movements to investigate visual behavior or cognition. Researchers use gaze measures to test what attracts and holds attention.
Alfred Yarbus: A Soviet psychologist known for influential eye-movement studies of visual perception. His picture-viewing experiments showed that task instructions alter gaze patterns.
Gaze following: The tendency to orient attention in the direction another person is looking. It is a social response to another person’s gaze direction.
Covert attention: The shifting of attention without moving the eyes toward the attended location. Attention can move independently of gaze, revealing their distinction.
Fixation (visual): A brief period when the eyes remain relatively stable on a location. Fixations are the pauses that give gaze duration measurable form.
Reading: The process of interpreting written language through visual and cognitive operations. Fixation and saccade patterns show how readers process text.
Michael Posner: An American cognitive psychologist known for research on attention and its neural systems. His work distinguished shifts of attention from shifts of gaze.
Joint attention: Shared attention in which people coordinate their focus on an object or event. Gaze helps people establish and maintain a shared focus.
Peripheral vision: Vision outside the central region of the visual field. Information can be noticed beyond the direction of direct gaze.

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