Knowra Gemstone Gemstone A mineral, rock, or organic material cut and polished for use in jewelry or other decorative objects. Its appeal may come from color, transparency, rarity, durability, or distinctive optical effects.
Mohs scale of mineral hardness : A scale ranking minerals by their resistance to being scratched by reference materials. Scratch resistance helps determine whether a gemstone can withstand everyday wear.
Gem cutting : The shaping and polishing of gemstone material to improve its appearance and suitability for use. Facet placement balances light return, color, weight retention, and visible inclusions.
Pegmatite : An exceptionally coarse-grained igneous rock, often hosting large crystals and rare minerals. Pegmatites are important sources of tourmaline, beryl, and other gem minerals.
Birthstone : A gemstone traditionally associated with a month of the year. Birthstones turn gem selection into a calendar-based personal and cultural custom.
Imitation gemstone : A material that resembles a gemstone in appearance but does not share its defining composition or structure. Imitations mimic a gem visually without being its natural or synthetic equivalent.
Refractive index : A measure of how much light changes direction when it enters a material. It helps gemologists identify stones and understand their brilliance.
Cabochon : A gemstone fashioned with a smooth, domed surface rather than flat facets. This cut displays color, translucency, and effects such as chatoyancy.
Metamorphism : The transformation of existing rock by heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids without melting it completely. Metamorphic conditions create or modify gems such as garnet, ruby, and jadeite.
Engagement ring : A ring given to signify a promise of marriage, often set with a gemstone. Diamond engagement rings show how gem use can be shaped by social convention.
Diamond simulant : A material used to imitate diamond’s appearance, such as cubic zirconia or moissanite. Diamond simulants illustrate how resemblance differs from gem identity.
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