Gender dysphoria

Gender dysphoria is clinically significant distress related to incongruence between a person’s gender identity and sex characteristics. It is a clinical diagnosis, not a synonym for being transgender.

Gender incongruence: Gender incongruence describes a marked mismatch between a person’s experienced gender and sex assigned at birth; it is not itself defined by distress. Unlike this diagnosis, the ICD-11 category does not require clinically significant distress.
Gender dysphoria in children: Gender dysphoria in children is clinically significant distress related to gender incongruence during childhood. Its assessment accounts for developmental stage and differs from adult diagnostic criteria.
Harry Benjamin: Harry Benjamin was an endocrinologist who treated transgender people and helped establish medical approaches to transition. His work shaped early clinical frameworks for people seeking bodily transition.
Gender euphoria: Gender euphoria is positive feeling or well-being associated with recognition or expression of one’s gender. It highlights positive experiences that a distress-centered diagnosis does not capture.
Transgender: Transgender describes people whose gender identity differs from the sex assigned to them at birth. Being transgender does not by itself imply dysphoria or a need for treatment.
Gender dysphoria in adolescents and adults: Gender dysphoria in adolescents and adults is clinically significant distress related to gender incongruence beyond childhood. The DSM-5-TR uses a distinct set of criteria for adolescents and adults.
Sex reassignment surgery: Sex reassignment surgery is a historical term for surgical procedures that alter sex characteristics as part of gender transition. Early diagnostic categories often centered on access to medical transition.
Body dysmorphic disorder: Body dysmorphic disorder involves persistent preoccupation with perceived flaws in appearance that are slight or not observable to others. It concerns perceived appearance flaws, unlike distress specifically related to gender incongruence.
Gender identity: Gender identity is a person’s internal sense of their gender, which may or may not align with sex assigned at birth. The diagnosis concerns distress associated with incongruence involving this sense of gender.
DSM-5-TR: The DSM-5-TR is the American Psychiatric Association’s 2022 edition of its diagnostic manual for mental disorders. It defines gender dysphoria through criteria that require clinically significant distress or impairment.

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