Gene

A gene is a DNA sequence that contributes to a functional product or regulates its production. Its boundaries and products vary across organisms and genomic contexts.

Nucleotide: A molecular building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. The nucleotide sequence encodes gene information.
Transcription: The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase. It copies a gene's DNA information into an RNA molecule.
Genetic testing: The analysis of DNA to detect variants associated with traits, disease, or ancestry. Tests examine genes and other DNA regions for clinically relevant variants.
Genetic locus: A defined position or region on a chromosome. A locus is a location; a gene is a functional sequence that may occupy it.
Gregor Mendel: An Austrian monk whose pea-plant experiments established foundational rules of inheritance. Mendelian inheritance supplied the early framework for thinking about genes.
Chromosome: A DNA molecule packaged with proteins and carrying genetic information. Genes occupy particular locations along chromosomes.
RNA splicing: The removal of introns and joining of exons in a precursor RNA molecule. Splicing can assemble different mature RNAs from one gene.
Gene therapy: The treatment or prevention of disease by altering genetic material in a patient's cells. Some therapies add, replace, or modify genes to change cell function.
Genome: The complete set of genetic material in an organism or cell. A genome includes genes plus extensive noncoding DNA.
Mendelian inheritance: The inheritance patterns of traits governed by discrete hereditary factors. The gene concept developed partly to explain these predictable patterns.

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