Geneva Bible

The Geneva Bible is an English Protestant translation first published in Geneva in 1560. Its accessible language, verse divisions, and extensive Reformation commentary made it influential among English-speaking Protestants.

Mary I of England: Queen of England and Ireland from 1553 to 1558, whose Catholic restoration led Protestant exiles to flee abroad. Her reign drove English Protestant translators into exile, where the Geneva project took shape.
Tyndale Bible: The English biblical translations produced by William Tyndale, much of whose wording entered later English Bibles. The Geneva translators inherited substantial phrasing from Tyndale’s English translations.
Geneva Bible marginal notes: Explanatory and interpretive comments printed beside the biblical text in Geneva Bible editions. The notes supplied Reformed explanations and sometimes challenged political authority.
Pilgrim Fathers: The English Separatists who founded Plymouth Colony in New England in 1620. The Geneva Bible was among the scriptures carried and read by early English settlers.
English Civil War: A series of armed conflicts in England from 1642 to 1651 between supporters of Parliament and the king. The Geneva Bible remained influential among English Protestants during the conflicts over church and royal power.
John Calvin: A French theologian and Reformation leader whose teachings shaped Reformed Protestantism and Geneva’s church. His Reformed theology formed the intellectual setting for the Bible’s notes.
Great Bible: The first authorized English Bible for the Church of England, published in 1539. It was a major English predecessor that the Geneva translation revised and supplemented.
Reformation theology: Christian doctrines developed or renewed during the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation. Its doctrines informed the translators’ choices and many marginal interpretations.
William Shakespeare: An English playwright and poet whose works contain numerous biblical allusions. The Geneva Bible is one source often considered when tracing biblical language in his plays.
Divine right of kings: The doctrine that a monarch’s authority derives directly from God and is not subject to earthly challenge. Some Geneva notes questioned the obedience demanded by royal authority.

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