Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

The Ustaše regime in the Independent State of Croatia persecuted and murdered hundreds of thousands of Serbs during World War II through massacres, camps, forced conversions, and expulsions.

Ustaše: A Croatian fascist movement that ruled the Independent State of Croatia and carried out mass violence during World War II. Its leaders and armed units organized the regime’s persecution and killings.
Invasion of Yugoslavia: The Axis invasion in April 1941 that destroyed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and led to its partition. The invasion created the conditions for the Ustaše state and its persecution policies.
Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia: The Serb population living within the borders of the Independent State of Croatia during World War II. They were the principal target of the Ustaše campaign described here.
Glina massacres: Mass killings of Serb civilians by Ustaše forces in the town of Glina in 1941. The killings show how violence was carried out in towns as well as camps.
Serbian Orthodox Church in World War II: The Serbian Orthodox Church and its clergy during the occupation and wartime persecution of Serbs. Churches and clergy were targeted as part of attacks on Serb religious and communal life.
Jasenovac concentration camp: A complex of camps operated by the Ustaše in which tens of thousands of Serbs, Jews, Roma, and political opponents were killed. It became the largest camp complex used by the regime for mass murder.
Ante Pavelić: The Croatian fascist leader who headed the Ustaše regime and the Independent State of Croatia. Pavelić led the government responsible for the campaign against Serbs.
Viktor Gutić: A senior Ustaše official who governed the Banja Luka region and was convicted of wartime crimes. His regional role illustrates how Ustaše officials implemented persecution locally.
Saduradža massacre: A 1941 mass killing of Serb civilians by Ustaše forces in the village of Saduradža. This village massacre exemplifies attacks on Serb communities in the regime’s early months.
Genocide of Roma in the Independent State of Croatia: The Ustaše regime’s persecution and mass murder of Roma during World War II. Roma were another group subjected to systematic persecution and killing by the regime.

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