Genome

A genome is the complete set of genetic material in an organism or cell, including genes and noncoding sequences. It may be distributed across one or more DNA or RNA molecules.

DNA: DNA is a molecule that stores hereditary information in most organisms. It is the genetic material in most cellular genomes.
DNA replication: DNA replication is the cellular process of copying DNA before cell division. It passes genome copies to daughter cells.
Genome sequencing: Genome sequencing determines the nucleotide order across an organism's genetic material. It produces sequence data for studying a genome.
Exome: The exome is the collection of protein-coding regions in a genome. It covers only a small functional subset of the genome.
Gene: A gene is a DNA sequence that contributes to a functional product, such as an RNA or protein. Genes are functional regions within a genome.
Mutation: A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of genetic material. Mutations introduce sequence differences into genomes.
Genome assembly: Genome assembly reconstructs long genetic sequences from overlapping sequencing reads. It turns fragmented sequencing data into genome-scale sequences.
Epigenome: The epigenome is the set of chemical modifications and associated features that influence gene activity without changing DNA sequence. It describes regulatory marks, not the genome's sequence itself.
Chromosome: A chromosome is a packaged DNA molecule, or RNA molecule in some viruses, that carries genetic information. Chromosomes organize and carry large portions of a genome.
Genetic recombination: Genetic recombination is the exchange or rearrangement of DNA segments between molecules or chromosomes. It reshuffles genome segments, especially during sexual reproduction.

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