Genomic selection

Genomic selection predicts an individual's breeding value from genome-wide genetic markers, using patterns learned from a population with both marker data and measured traits.

Genomic estimated breeding value: A predicted genetic merit value calculated from genome-wide marker data. This is the individual-level prediction genomic selection uses to rank candidates.
Plant breeding: The development of crop varieties with useful inherited traits. Genomic predictions can rank crop candidates before extensive field testing.
Phenotypic selection: Choosing breeding individuals according to their observed traits or performance. Genomic selection can act before traits are expressed, while phenotypic selection requires observations.
Genotype-by-environment interaction: A change in the relative performance of genotypes across environments. Predictions may fail to transfer when candidate varieties encounter different conditions.
Training population: A set of individuals with measured traits and genotypes used to fit a prediction model. Its paired measurements and markers teach the model which genomic patterns predict breeding value.
Animal breeding: The planned mating and selection of animals to improve inherited traits. Genome-wide predictions help choose breeding animals earlier in their lives.
Pedigree-based selection: Selection using recorded ancestry to estimate genetic merit. Marker data can distinguish genetic relationships more precisely than pedigree records alone.
Genetic architecture: The number, effects, and interactions of genetic variants underlying a trait. Traits with different architectures can require different prediction models and training designs.
Single-nucleotide polymorphism: A DNA sequence variation at a single position in the genome. Genome-wide panels commonly use these markers to track inherited variation.
Dairy cattle: Cattle bred primarily for milk production. Genomic selection is widely used to evaluate young dairy animals before they produce offspring.

Linked from 5 pages