Gentrification

Gentrification is the socioeconomic transformation of a lower-income urban neighborhood as wealthier residents and investment move in, often raising costs and displacing existing residents.

Rent gap theory: A theory that explains reinvestment by the gap between a property's current value and its potential value under more profitable use. It explains why investors target neighborhoods where land values could rise substantially.
Ruth Glass: A British sociologist who coined the term “gentrification” in 1964. Her account of class change in London gave the phenomenon its name.
Housing affordability: The relationship between housing costs and households' ability to pay for shelter. Rising rents and home prices can make a changing neighborhood unaffordable to longtime residents.
Urban revitalization: Efforts to improve a city's neighborhoods, infrastructure, or economy. Revitalization can improve conditions without necessarily producing the class turnover associated with gentrification.
Housing market: The system through which housing is built, bought, rented, and valued. Its prices and supply shape who can afford to remain as neighborhood demand changes.
The Urban Question: A 1972 book by Manuel Castells analyzing urban social movements and the political economy of cities. Its structural approach helped frame urban change beyond individual neighborhood choices.
Cultural displacement: The loss of belonging or access to familiar places and institutions amid neighborhood change. Residents may feel displaced even when they remain in their homes.
Suburbanization: The growth of population and development in areas outside central cities. It is a distinct pattern of urban change, often involving movement away from city centers.
Displacement: The forced or pressured movement of people from their homes or communities. Rising costs and redevelopment can push existing residents out of gentrifying areas.
Neil Smith: An American geographer known for developing rent gap theory and influential analyses of gentrification. His theory linked neighborhood reinvestment to the uneven geography of capital.

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