Geodesic dome

A spherical or partial-spherical structure built from interconnected triangles. Its triangulated framework distributes loads across many members, allowing a broad enclosed space with relatively little material.

Geodesic polyhedron: A polyhedron whose vertices lie on a sphere and whose faces approximate its surface. Geodesic domes commonly derive their layouts from subdivided spherical polyhedra.
Walther Bauersfeld: A German engineer who developed an early geodesic dome for a planetarium in Jena. His 1920s planetarium dome preceded Fuller’s famous designs.
Montreal Biosphere: A large geodesic dome designed by Buckminster Fuller for Expo 67 in Montreal. Its exposed steel framework made the dome a widely recognized architectural landmark.
Schwedler dome: A lattice dome with meridional and circumferential members, typically supplemented by diagonal bracing. It creates a curved lattice using a different pattern of members from a geodesic dome.
Triangulation (geometry): The division of a surface or polygon into triangles. Triangles give the dome framework geometric rigidity without requiring solid panels.
Carl Zeiss Planetarium: A planetarium in Jena, Germany, whose 1920s projection dome used a geodesic framework. It was a landmark early application of the dome’s triangulated construction.
Spaceship Earth: The geodesic sphere at EPCOT that houses an attraction about human communication. Its enclosing structure adapts geodesic geometry to a monumental public building.
Lamella roof: A roof formed from short members arranged in a repeating diamond-shaped lattice. Its diamond grid contrasts with the triangular network of geodesic construction.
Frequency (geodesic dome): The number of subdivisions applied to each edge of an initial polyhedral face. Frequency determines how many smaller facets approximate the dome’s curved surface.
Buckminster Fuller: An American architect, inventor, and author known for promoting geodesic structures. Fuller developed, patented, and popularized the geodesic dome in the mid-twentieth century.

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