Knowra Geographic information system Geographic information system A computer-based system for capturing, storing, managing, analyzing, and displaying data linked to locations on Earth. It combines spatial data with tools for querying and mapping it.
Geospatial data : Data that describes locations, shapes, or spatial relationships on Earth. GIS stores and analyzes this location-linked information.
Geographic coordinate system : A coordinate system that locates positions on Earth using angular coordinates such as latitude and longitude. It is a common way for GIS datasets to encode global positions.
Cartography : The practice and study of making maps to communicate geographic information. GIS provides data and tools for producing maps tailored to specific questions.
Computer-aided design : The use of computer software to create, modify, and document precise designs and drawings. CAD emphasizes geometric design, while GIS links geometry to geographic context and analysis.
Vector graphics : A way to represent images using points, lines, and polygons defined by coordinates. GIS uses vector features to represent discrete places and boundaries.
Map projection : A mathematical transformation that represents Earth's curved surface on a flat map. GIS maps must project coordinates to display Earth on flat screens or paper.
Remote sensing : The acquisition of information about Earth's surface from satellites, aircraft, or other distant sensors. Remote sensing supplies imagery and measurements that GIS can organize and analyze.
Web mapping : The creation and delivery of maps through web technologies. Web maps can display GIS outputs but do not necessarily provide full GIS data management or analysis.
Raster graphics : Images represented as grids of cells, each holding a value or color. GIS uses raster grids for continuous surfaces such as elevation and temperature.
Topology : The study of spatial relationships such as connectivity, adjacency, and containment. Topological rules help GIS detect gaps, overlaps, and disconnected features.
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