Geologic map

A map depicting the distribution of rock, sediment, and other geologic units at Earth’s surface, often with their ages and structural relationships.

Geologic unit: A body of rock or unconsolidated material distinguished by observable properties or geologic history. Units are the mapped bodies whose boundaries and identities organize the map.
Geologic field mapping: The systematic observation and recording of rocks, structures, and landforms in the field. Field mapping supplies the observations used to draw unit boundaries and structural features.
Landslide hazard: The potential for landslides to occur and cause harm in a given area. Mapped weak formations, slopes, and faults help identify terrain prone to slope failure.
William Smith's 1815 geological map of England and Wales: A map published by William Smith in 1815 showing the geology of England and Wales. Its ordered strata and fossil-based correlations made it a landmark in regional geologic mapping.
Lithostratigraphy: The classification and correlation of rock bodies by their observable physical and compositional characteristics. Many mapped units are defined by their lithology and position in a rock sequence.
Geologic contact: A boundary between distinct geologic units or between parts of a rock body. Contacts trace where mapped units meet and can record deposition, intrusion, or faulting.
Groundwater: Water occurring beneath Earth's surface in the pores and fractures of rocks and sediments. Unit boundaries and structures help predict aquifers, barriers, and groundwater flow paths.
Geological Survey of Great Britain: The national organization responsible for surveying and reporting the geology of Great Britain. Its mapping program helped establish systematic geological surveys as public institutions.
Geologic time scale: A chronological framework dividing Earth's history into named intervals based on stratigraphy and geochronology. Map colors and labels often encode the ages of mapped units.
Strike and dip: Measurements describing the orientation of a planar geologic feature relative to horizontal. These measurements help infer how rock layers and structures continue beneath the mapped surface.

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