George III

George III was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760 to 1820 and king of Hanover from 1814. His reign included the American Revolution, the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and periods of serious illness.

House of Hanover: The German royal dynasty that ruled Great Britain from 1714 to 1901. George III was the third Hanoverian monarch to rule Britain.
Constitutional monarchy: A system in which a monarch's powers are limited by constitutional rules and representative institutions. George III ruled within a system where ministers and Parliament constrained royal authority.
American Revolution: The conflict in which thirteen British colonies in North America won independence between 1775 and 1783. The rebellion and its defeat of British policy became the defining crisis of his early reign.
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz: Queen of Great Britain and Ireland from 1761 to 1818 as the wife of George III. Their long marriage produced fifteen children and anchored the royal household.
United States Declaration of Independence: The 1776 document announcing that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as independent states. It denounced George III and became a founding text of the United States.
Frederick, Prince of Wales: The eldest son of George II and father of George III, who died before becoming king. His early death made his son heir to the throne.
British Parliament: The legislature of the United Kingdom, consisting of the House of Commons and House of Lords. Parliament controlled legislation and taxation throughout his reign.
Royal Proclamation of 1763: A British declaration that restricted settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains after the Seven Years' War. Colonial opposition to this policy contributed to tensions preceding independence.
George IV: King of the United Kingdom from 1820 to 1830 and eldest son of George III. He became prince regent during his father's incapacity and succeeded him.
Royal Marriages Act 1772: A British law requiring descendants of George II to obtain the monarch's consent to marry. George III's concerns about royal marriages prompted restrictions that affected his family.

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