German occupation of the Netherlands

Nazi Germany occupied the Netherlands from May 1940 until liberation in 1945, imposing military rule, exploiting Dutch resources, and persecuting Jews and other targeted groups.

Reichskommissariat Niederlande: The German civil administration that governed the occupied Netherlands from 1940 to 1945. It translated occupation into centralized rule under Arthur Seyss-Inquart.
Holocaust in the Netherlands: The persecution and murder of Jews in the Netherlands under Nazi occupation. A large majority of Dutch Jews were deported and murdered during the occupation.
German invasion of the Netherlands: The German military attack on the Netherlands that began on 10 May 1940. The invasion began the occupation after Dutch forces surrendered within days.
Arthur Seyss-Inquart: An Austrian Nazi official who served as Reich Commissioner of the occupied Netherlands from 1940 to 1945. He headed the German civil administration and oversaw repression and persecution.
German occupation of Belgium during World War II: Germany’s military occupation of Belgium from 1940 to 1944. Belgium shared a German occupier, but its administration and liberation timeline differed.
Dutch collaboration with Nazi Germany: Cooperation by Dutch individuals and institutions with Nazi Germany during its occupation of the Netherlands. Dutch officials and collaborators helped carry out German policies.
Anne Frank: A German-born Jewish diarist who hid from Nazi persecution in Amsterdam and died at Bergen-Belsen. Her diary preserves a personal account of hiding under German occupation.
Battle of the Netherlands: The May 1940 campaign in which German forces defeated the Dutch armed forces. The short campaign established German control over the country.
Anton Mussert: The founder and leader of the Dutch Nazi Party, the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands. He backed German rule but never gained the authority he sought.
German occupation of Denmark: Germany’s occupation of Denmark from 1940 to 1945, marked initially by substantial Danish self-government. Denmark’s early administrative autonomy contrasts with direct German civil rule in the Netherlands.

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