Germany

Germany is a federal parliamentary republic in central Europe, comprising 16 states. Its capital and largest city is Berlin.

German states: The 16 constituent states that form the Federal Republic of Germany. Their powers and governments shape Germany’s federal structure.
German Confederation: A loose association of German-speaking states established in 1815 and dissolved in 1866. It was an early political framework for German-speaking lands before unification.
Otto von Bismarck: The Prussian statesman who led German unification and became the German Empire’s first chancellor. His policies and wars shaped the 1871 state that preceded modern Germany.
European Union: A political and economic union of European member states with shared institutions and laws. Germany is a founding member and one of the union’s largest states.
German Democratic Republic: The socialist state that governed eastern Germany from 1949 until reunification in 1990. It was the separate East German state that reunited with the Federal Republic.
Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany: Germany’s constitution, adopted in 1949 and formally titled the Basic Law. It defines the country’s institutions, rights, and federal division of powers.
Unification of Germany: The 1871 creation of a German nation-state under Prussian leadership. It established the first German Empire, a predecessor of today’s republic.
Adolf Hitler: The Nazi dictator who ruled Germany from 1933 until 1945. His regime led Germany into World War II and carried out the Holocaust.
Eurozone: The group of European Union countries that use the euro as their currency. Germany is a major economy within the shared currency area.
Federal Republic of Germany: The democratic West German state founded in 1949 and extended to eastern Germany in 1990. Its institutions and constitutional order continued through reunification.

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