Germination

Germination is the resumption of growth by a dormant seed, spore, or other reproductive structure under suitable conditions. It begins when the structure activates its metabolism and develops into a growing organism.

Imbibition: The uptake of water by dry materials, including seeds, which causes them to swell. Water uptake is often the first physical step that restarts a dry seed’s activity.
Seed: A plant reproductive structure containing an embryo, stored resources, and a protective coat. Seed germination is one form of germination, and the seed’s parts shape its early growth.
Seed priming: A controlled hydration treatment that advances seed metabolism without allowing the radicle to emerge. Priming can make germination faster and more uniform after sowing.
Epigeal germination: A pattern of seed germination in which the cotyledons are carried above the soil surface. It shows how seedling development can lift seed leaves into the light.
Seed dormancy: A state in which a viable seed does not germinate despite conditions that can support growth. Dormancy prevents germination until internal or environmental restraints are removed.
Seed coat: The outer protective covering of a seed, derived from the ovule’s integuments. Its permeability and strength affect water entry and the emergence of the embryo.
Seed testing: The assessment of seed quality, including viability, purity, and capacity to germinate. Germination tests estimate how many seeds in a lot can produce seedlings.
Hypogeal germination: A pattern of seed germination in which the cotyledons remain below the soil surface. It contrasts with epigeal growth in how the seedling positions its cotyledons.
Seed respiration: The cellular oxidation of stored or newly available substrates to produce energy in a seed. Respiration rises after water uptake, supplying energy for early growth.
Embryo (botany): The young plant contained within a seed before it begins independent growth. Germination resumes growth of this embryonic plant.

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