Gettysburg Campaign

The 1863 American Civil War campaign in which Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia invaded Pennsylvania and clashed with Union forces at Gettysburg.

Gettysburg: A three-day battle fought in Pennsylvania from July 1 to 3, 1863, between Union and Confederate armies. The campaign’s decisive battle, where Lee’s invasion was halted.
Robert E. Lee: The Confederate general who commanded the Army of Northern Virginia during the American Civil War. He planned and led the invasion of Pennsylvania.
Gettysburg Campaign objectives: The military and political aims pursued by Confederate and Union leaders during the 1863 Pennsylvania campaign. Lee sought supplies and strategic leverage, while Union leaders aimed to stop the invasion.
Vicksburg Campaign: The 1862–63 Union military campaign that culminated in the capture of Vicksburg, Mississippi. Its conclusion on July 4, 1863, coincided with Lee’s retreat from Pennsylvania.
Battle of Brandy Station: An 1863 cavalry battle in Virginia and the largest cavalry engagement of the American Civil War. Its June 9 opening clash preceded Lee’s northward movement.
George G. Meade: The Union general who commanded the Army of the Potomac from June 1863 through the end of the Civil War. He took command days before Gettysburg and directed the Union defense.
Army of Northern Virginia: The principal Confederate field army in the eastern theater of the American Civil War. It was the invading force whose movement made the campaign possible.
Overland Campaign: The 1864 series of battles in Virginia fought by Ulysses S. Grant against Robert E. Lee. It shows that Gettysburg did not destroy Lee’s army or end the eastern war.
Battle of Chancellorsville: A May 1863 Confederate victory in Virginia, won by Robert E. Lee against Joseph Hooker’s Union army. Lee’s victory created the opportunity for his second invasion of the North.
J. E. B. Stuart: A Confederate cavalry commander who served under Robert E. Lee in the eastern theater. His detached ride around the Union army limited Lee’s access to cavalry intelligence.

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