Global governance

Global governance is the rules, institutions, and processes through which states and nonstate actors address issues that cross national borders. It operates without a single world government.

International regime: A set of principles, norms, rules, and decision procedures around which actors’ expectations converge in a policy area. Regimes organize cooperation on specific cross-border issues, such as trade or climate.
Global health governance: The institutions, rules, and processes coordinating responses to health issues that cross borders. Disease surveillance and pandemic response require cooperation among states and health bodies.
United Nations: An intergovernmental organization founded in 1945 to maintain international peace and security and promote cooperation. Its bodies convene states and coordinate action across a wide range of global issues.
World government: A political authority with governing power over the world’s states and populations. Global governance coordinates action but does not establish a sovereign government above states.
Global administrative law: Principles and practices that promote transparency, participation, and review in global governance. It addresses accountability when international bodies make decisions affecting people and states.
Multilateralism: Coordination among three or more states according to shared rules and procedures. Multilateral institutions provide a common way for states to negotiate and coordinate.
Climate governance: The institutions and processes through which actors coordinate action on climate change. Climate change is a paradigmatic problem requiring sustained international coordination.
World Trade Organization: An intergovernmental organization that administers agreements governing international trade. It sets trade rules and provides a process for resolving disputes between members.
State sovereignty: The authority of a state to govern itself without subordination to another state. Sovereignty both limits external authority and shapes what states accept collectively.
Democratic deficit: A gap between the authority exercised by institutions and the democratic control over their decisions. Global decisions can have wide effects without equivalent channels for public influence.

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