Knowra Global value chain Global value chain A global value chain is the cross-border sequence of activities through which a product or service is designed, produced, and delivered. Its stages are distributed among firms and locations in multiple countries.
Value chain : A sequence of activities through which an organization creates and delivers a product or service. The global value chain extends this activity sequence across national borders.
Export processing zone : A designated area where firms receive incentives to manufacture goods for export. Such zones can attract specific production stages into a country's chain.
Gary Gereffi : An economic sociologist known for research on global commodity chains and global value chains. His frameworks explain how chain governance and industrial upgrading vary across industries.
Global production network : A framework for analyzing interconnected firms and institutions involved in production across countries. Unlike a chain metaphor, it emphasizes multiple, overlapping relationships and actors.
Offshoring : The relocation of business activities to another country, whether performed internally or by another firm. It is one way firms distribute chain activities across borders.
Foreign direct investment : An investment that gives a firm lasting ownership or control of business operations in another country. It finances overseas facilities and affiliates that perform chain activities.
John Humphrey : A development scholar whose research examines global value chains, governance, and industrial upgrading. His work helped establish value-chain analysis as a tool for development research.
Global commodity chain : A framework for analyzing how commodity production and distribution connect firms, workers, and consumers across countries. It is an earlier related framework, with a stronger emphasis on power and commodity systems.
Outsourcing : The contracting of an activity to an external organization rather than performing it internally. External suppliers often perform specialized stages within a chain.
Supply chain management : The planning and coordination of sourcing, production, logistics, and delivery across a supply network. Companies use it to coordinate the operational flows within cross-border chains.
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