Glucagon-like peptide-1

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut hormone released after eating that stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon, and slows gastric emptying.

GLP-1 receptor: A G protein-coupled receptor activated by glucagon-like peptide-1 and related agonists. This receptor mediates GLP-1's effects on pancreatic cells, the stomach, and the brain.
Proglucagon: A precursor protein processed into several peptide hormones, including GLP-1 and glucagon. Intestinal cells cleave proglucagon to produce GLP-1 rather than pancreatic glucagon.
GLP-1 receptor agonist: A medicine that activates the GLP-1 receptor to reproduce some effects of native GLP-1. These drugs extend GLP-1 signaling beyond the brief action of the natural hormone.
Appetite: The physiological drive to seek and consume food. GLP-1 signaling in gut-brain pathways can reduce hunger and food intake.
Weight regain after discontinuation of anti-obesity medication: The return of body weight after stopping medication used to treat obesity. Weight often returns after GLP-1-based treatment stops, raising questions about long-term maintenance.
Incretin effect: The greater insulin response to oral glucose than to an equivalent amount of intravenous glucose. GLP-1 is a major mediator of this meal-dependent amplification of insulin secretion.
Enteroendocrine cell: A hormone-secreting cell in the gastrointestinal epithelium that senses nutrients and other signals. Specialized enteroendocrine L cells release GLP-1 after nutrient exposure.
Semaglutide: A long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist used to treat type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. Semaglutide is a prominent example of a drug built on GLP-1 receptor signaling.
Satiety: The feeling of fullness that follows eating and suppresses further food intake. GLP-1 contributes to post-meal signals that promote fullness.
Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas that can cause severe abdominal pain and systemic illness. Whether GLP-1 medicines meaningfully alter pancreatitis risk remains a subject of clinical monitoring and study.

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