Goalball

Goalball is a team sport for athletes with visual impairments in which players roll a bell-filled ball toward the opposing goal and block incoming throws.

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Goalball court: A rectangular indoor court with a goal spanning each end and tactile markings that help players orient themselves. Tactile court lines let players locate positions without sight.
Hanz Lorenzen: An Austrian sports teacher who co-developed goalball after the Second World War. Lorenzen helped create the game for people blinded during the war.
International Blind Sports Federation: The international organization that governs sports for athletes with visual impairments, including goalball. The federation oversees goalball’s international rules and competitions.
Blind football: A form of association football for players with visual impairments, using an audible ball and sighted guides. Both sports use sound, but blind football is played with the feet and smaller goals.
Goalball ball: A hard rubber ball containing bells that sound as it moves across the court. Its bells reveal the ball’s direction and speed during play.
Sepp Reindle: A German sports teacher who co-developed goalball after the Second World War. Reindle collaborated with Lorenzen on the sport’s early form.
United States Association of Blind Athletes: A nonprofit organization that supports sports and fitness for people who are blind or visually impaired in the United States. It organizes and develops goalball participation in the United States.
Beep baseball: A baseball variant for blind and visually impaired players that uses audible bases and a beeping ball. It also replaces visual cues with sound, but uses batting and running rather than goal defense.
Goalball rules: The regulations governing goalball, including team size, throwing, defense, penalties, and match timing. Rules such as requiring a throw to touch the court help defenders track it by sound.
World War II: A global war fought from 1939 to 1945 that caused widespread injury and disability. The need for rehabilitation among blinded veterans helped motivate goalball’s creation.