Gobiinae

Gobiinae is a subfamily of gobies in the fish family Gobiidae. Its members are small, diverse ray-finned fishes, many adapted to life near the bottom of aquatic habitats.

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Gobiidae: Gobiidae is a large family of mostly small ray-finned fishes, commonly called gobies. Gobiinae is classified within this family.
Adhesive disc: An adhesive disc is a structure that lets an animal attach to a surface by suction or adhesion. Many gobies form a disc from their pelvic fins to grip surfaces.
Round goby: The round goby is a bottom-dwelling European fish introduced to the Great Lakes and other regions. Its spread illustrates how a goby can become an invasive species.
Fish taxonomy: Fish taxonomy is the naming and classification of fishes based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships. Goby subfamily boundaries depend on how taxonomists classify related lineages.
Gobioidei: Gobioidei is a suborder of percomorph fishes that includes gobies and their close relatives. This broader group provides the taxonomic setting for Gobiidae.
Benthic zone: The benthic zone is the ecological region at the bottom of a body of water. Many Gobiinae forage, shelter, and reproduce close to the substrate.
Dwarf pygmy goby: The dwarf pygmy goby is a tiny freshwater fish native to Southeast Asia. It exemplifies the very small body sizes found among gobies.
Molecular phylogenetics: Molecular phylogenetics reconstructs evolutionary relationships using DNA or protein sequences. Genetic data can test whether traditional goby groupings reflect ancestry.
Ray-finned fish: Ray-finned fishes are vertebrates whose fins are supported by thin bony or cartilaginous rays. Gobiinae belongs to the largest major lineage of living fishes.
Osmoregulation: Osmoregulation is the control of water and dissolved-ion balance within an organism. Gobies in marine, brackish, and freshwater habitats face different salinity demands.