Goguryeo–Tang War

A series of conflicts between Goguryeo and the Tang dynasty, culminating in Goguryeo’s conquest in 668 and the fall of its kingdom.

Siege of Ansi: A Tang siege of the Goguryeo fortress of Ansi in 645 that ended in Tang withdrawal. Its failed assault showed that Tang forces could not quickly overcome Goguryeo’s fortified defenses.
Goguryeo: An ancient Korean kingdom that ruled parts of the Korean Peninsula and Manchuria from 37 BCE to 668 CE. Its territory and political independence were the central stakes of the war.
Fall of Goguryeo: The collapse of Goguryeo in 668 after Tang and Silla forces captured its capital, Pyongyang. The kingdom’s collapse was the war’s decisive political outcome.
Battle of Ansi: The 645 defense of Ansi, in which Goguryeo forces repelled Tang troops led by Emperor Taizong. The battle marks the failure of Tang’s first major invasion during the war.
Battle of Salsu: A 612 battle in which Goguryeo forces under Eulji Mundeok destroyed much of a Sui invasion army. The earlier defeat of a Chinese invasion shaped the strategic memory behind later Tang campaigns.
Tang dynasty: A Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 618 to 907 and expanded its influence across East Asia. Tang’s expansion brought it into repeated conflict with Goguryeo.
Bohai: A kingdom founded in 698 in Manchuria and northern Korea by Dae Joyeong, who had ties to Goguryeo. Bohai emerged partly from populations displaced by Goguryeo’s fall and claimed its heritage.
Tang–Silla War: A conflict from 670 to 676 in which Silla fought Tang forces for control of former Baekje and Goguryeo territories. It contrasts the allies’ joint conquest with their later struggle over the spoils.
Silla–Tang alliance: A military alliance between Silla and Tang China that helped defeat Baekje and Goguryeo. Tang’s alliance with Silla opened a southern front against Goguryeo.
Yeon Gaesomun: A Goguryeo military ruler who seized power in 642 and led resistance against Tang invasions. His coup and defiance of Tang shaped the confrontation before the major campaigns.

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