Goidelic languages

The Goidelic languages are a branch of the Celtic languages comprising Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx. They descend from a common ancestor called Proto-Goidelic.

Celtic languages: A branch of the Indo-European language family that includes Goidelic and Brittonic languages. Goidelic is one of Celtic’s two surviving branches.
Irish language: A Goidelic language native to Ireland and the first official language of the Republic of Ireland. Irish is the largest Goidelic language by number of speakers.
Primitive Irish: The earliest recorded stage of the Irish language, represented chiefly by ogham inscriptions from late antiquity. Its inscriptions provide the earliest direct evidence for Goidelic.
Brittonic languages: The Celtic branch comprising Welsh, Cornish, and Breton, among other historical languages. Brittonic is the other major surviving branch of Insular Celtic.
Proto-Goidelic: The reconstructed common ancestor of Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx. It is the ancestral language from which the Goidelic languages developed.
Scottish Gaelic: A Goidelic language spoken chiefly in Scotland, especially in the Hebrides and Highlands. It developed as a distinct Goidelic language in Scotland.
Ogham: An early medieval alphabet used mainly to write Primitive Irish inscriptions on stone. Ogham monuments preserve early forms of the branch’s ancestral language.
Welsh language: A Brittonic Celtic language spoken primarily in Wales. Welsh offers a close Celtic comparison while belonging to the other Insular branch.
Insular Celtic languages: The Celtic languages historically spoken in Britain and Ireland, comprising Goidelic and Brittonic branches. Goidelic belongs to the island-based Celtic grouping.
Manx language: A Goidelic language of the Isle of Man, revived after its last traditional native speaker died in 1974. Manx is the branch’s Isle of Man language and a notable revival case.

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