Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bound organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport within or outside the cell.

Cisterna (cell biology): A flattened membrane-bound sac; stacked cisternae form the structural units of the Golgi apparatus. Golgi cisternae provide successive compartments where cargo is processed.
Endoplasmic reticulum: A membrane network that synthesizes proteins and lipids and participates in their transport within cells. Most Golgi-bound cargo first leaves the endoplasmic reticulum.
Lysosome: An acidic, membrane-bound organelle that digests and recycles cellular materials. The Golgi supplies lysosomes with many of their digestive enzymes.
Camillo Golgi: An Italian physician and scientist who developed a silver-staining method for nervous tissue. His staining method revealed the cellular structure later named the Golgi apparatus.
Vesicular transport: The movement of molecules between cellular compartments in membrane-bound vesicles. Vesicles deliver cargo to the Golgi and carry sorted cargo away.
Endomembrane system: A set of connected or communicating membranes and organelles that processes and transports cellular materials. The Golgi operates within this larger network of cellular compartments.
Extracellular matrix: A network of secreted molecules that supports and surrounds cells in animal tissues. Golgi-processed proteins and carbohydrates contribute to matrix components.
Golgi stain: A silver-based histological technique that labels a small number of neurons in their entirety. The method also made the Golgi apparatus visible in cells.
Glycosylation: The enzymatic addition of sugar chains to proteins or lipids. Golgi enzymes add and remodel sugar chains on many cargo molecules.
Lipid bilayer: A double layer of lipid molecules that forms the basic structure of cellular membranes. Golgi cisternae and transport vesicles are built from lipid bilayers.

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