Gorkha Kingdom

A Himalayan kingdom ruled by the Shah dynasty, centered on Gorkha in present-day Nepal. Its expansion under Prithvi Narayan Shah brought much of the region under one monarchy and laid the foundation for modern Nepal.

Shah dynasty: A Nepali royal dynasty that ruled Gorkha and later the Kingdom of Nepal. The dynasty’s rise in Gorkha supplied the rulers who launched unification.
Prithvi Narayan Shah: The Gorkha king who began the conquest of the Kathmandu Valley and the unification of Nepal. His campaigns transformed Gorkha from a principality into a regional power.
Unification of Nepal: The process by which the Gorkha kingdom conquered and incorporated neighboring Himalayan principalities into Nepal. It names the expansion that made Gorkha the core of a larger monarchy.
Kingdom of Nepal: The Himalayan monarchy established through Gorkha-led unification and ruled by the Shah dynasty until 2008. The Gorkha kingdom became the foundation of this larger state.
Gorkha District: A hill district in central Nepal that includes the historic seat of the Gorkha kingdom. The district contains the kingdom’s original political center.
Nara Bhupal Shah: A Shah king of Gorkha and the father of Prithvi Narayan Shah. His reign preceded the unification campaigns and included an unsuccessful attack on Nuwakot.
Siege of Kirtipur: A series of Gorkhali attacks on the fortified Newar city of Kirtipur during the conquest of the Kathmandu Valley. The costly sieges reveal the resistance Gorkha faced in its central campaign.
Kathmandu Valley: A Himalayan valley containing the historic cities of Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur. Its conquest brought the valley’s political and cultural centers under Gorkhali rule.
Dravya Shah: The sixteenth-century founder of the Shah-ruled principality of Gorkha. His establishment of Shah rule began the dynasty’s Gorkha lineage.
Bahadur Shah of Nepal: A regent and military leader who continued Nepal’s territorial expansion after Prithvi Narayan Shah’s death. He extended the conquests begun by the Gorkha king.

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