Government bond

A debt security issued by a national, regional, or local government to borrow money, typically promising interest and repayment of principal.

Bond coupon: The periodic interest payment specified by a bond’s terms. Fixed coupons set the scheduled income on many government bonds.
Government deficit: The amount by which government spending exceeds revenue over a period. Borrowing through bonds can finance a budget deficit.
Corporate bond: A debt security issued by a company to raise money from investors. Corporate bonds are issued by businesses rather than governments.
Sovereign debt crisis: A financial crisis in which a government struggles to service or refinance its debt. A loss of confidence in government bonds can trigger such a crisis.
Bond maturity: The date when a bond’s principal is due for repayment. Maturity determines when the issuing government must repay principal.
Public debt: The total outstanding borrowing obligations of a government. Government bonds make up a large share of many countries’ public debt.
Municipal bond: A bond issued by a state, province, city, or other subnational authority. It is a government bond issued below the national level.
Debt sustainability: A government's ability to meet debt obligations without implausible fiscal adjustment or default. Bond borrowing is sustainable only when future repayment remains credible.
Yield to maturity: The annualized return implied by a bond’s price, cash flows, and maturity, assuming payments occur as promised. It allows bonds with different prices and coupons to be compared.
Monetary policy: Actions by a central bank to influence money, credit, and economic conditions. Central banks buy and sell government bonds to affect financial conditions.

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