Graphite oxide

Graphite oxide is a layered carbon material made by oxidizing graphite. Oxygen-containing groups make its layers more hydrophilic and chemically reactive than graphite.

Graphite: Graphite is a crystalline form of carbon made of stacked sheets of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms. Its stacked carbon sheets are the starting structure that oxidation transforms.
sp² hybridization: sp² hybridization describes atomic bonding that forms three coplanar orbitals and supports delocalized π bonds. Oxidation disrupts the sp²-bonded network that gives graphite its electronic properties.
Graphene oxide membrane: A graphene oxide membrane is a layered film whose stacked sheets create selective pathways for molecules and ions. Graphite oxide can be exfoliated into the sheets used to form these membranes.
Benjamin Collins Brodie: Benjamin Collins Brodie was an English chemist who studied graphite oxidation in the nineteenth century. His 1859 work established an early method for preparing oxidized graphite.
Hummers method: Hummers method is a chemical procedure for oxidizing graphite using potassium permanganate and concentrated sulfuric acid. It is a widely used route for introducing oxygen groups into graphite.
Epoxide: An epoxide is a three-membered ring containing an oxygen atom bonded to two adjacent carbon atoms. Epoxide groups are among the oxygen functionalities found on graphite oxide sheets.
Graphene oxide paper: Graphene oxide paper is a flexible film made by assembling and drying graphene oxide sheets. Its constituent sheets originate from exfoliated graphite oxide.
Brodie method: The Brodie method is an early procedure for oxidizing graphite with potassium chlorate and nitric acid. It is the historical preparation method associated with Brodie’s graphite oxide research.
Graphene oxide: Graphene oxide is a single- or few-layer oxidized carbon material derived from graphite oxide. Exfoliating graphite oxide separates its oxidized layers into graphene oxide sheets.
Hydroxyl group: A hydroxyl group is an oxygen–hydrogen functional group attached to a carbon or another atom. Hydroxyl groups contribute to graphite oxide’s affinity for water.

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