Gravimetric analysis

Gravimetric analysis is a quantitative method that determines an analyte’s amount from a measured mass or mass change. It relies on a defined relationship between that measurement and the quantity being determined.

Precipitation gravimetry: A gravimetric method that converts an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is isolated and weighed. This is the classic route from dissolved analyte to a weighable product.
Analytical balance: A balance designed to measure small masses with high precision. Its precision sets the practical floor for detectable mass differences.
Sulfate determination: The quantitative measurement of sulfate in a sample, commonly by precipitating it as barium sulfate. The insoluble product provides a direct mass-based assay of sulfate.
Titration: A quantitative method that determines concentration by measuring the volume of a reagent needed to complete a reaction. Titration infers amount from reagent volume, whereas gravimetry uses mass.
Volatilization gravimetry: A gravimetric method that determines an analyte from the mass lost or gained when a volatile substance is removed or collected. It measures mass change rather than weighing an isolated precipitate.
Stoichiometry: The quantitative relationships among reactants and products in chemical reactions. A gravimetric result is converted to analyte amount through reaction ratios.
Moisture analysis: The measurement of water content in a material, often by comparing masses before and after drying. Loss on drying is a practical gravimetric measurement of volatile content.
Spectrophotometry: An analytical technique that measures how much light a sample absorbs or transmits at selected wavelengths. It estimates analyte concentration from optical response rather than isolated mass.
Coprecipitation: The incorporation or adsorption of normally soluble substances into a precipitate as it forms. It can carry impurities into a precipitate and bias its measured mass.
Solubility product: The equilibrium constant describing the dissolution of a sparingly soluble ionic solid. It helps predict how much analyte remains dissolved instead of precipitating.

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