Great Green Wall

The Great Green Wall is an African-led initiative to restore degraded land and strengthen livelihoods across the Sahel through locally adapted projects, not a continuous belt of trees.

Farmer-managed natural regeneration: A land-restoration practice in which farmers protect and manage naturally regenerating trees and shrubs on farmland. It is one of the Sahel’s best-known approaches to restoring tree cover without mass planting.
African Union: A continental organization of African states established to promote cooperation and integration. The Union adopted the initiative and provides its principal political framework.
Sahel: A semiarid African region between the Sahara Desert and the wetter savannas to the south. The initiative’s projects span this region’s varied dryland landscapes.
Land tenure: The rules and relationships through which people hold, use, and transfer rights to land. Unclear or unequal land rights can determine who benefits from restoration.
Agroforestry: Land use that deliberately combines trees with crops or livestock on the same area. Integrating useful trees into farms can support soil, production, and household income.
Thomas Sankara: Burkinabè revolutionary and president from 1983 to 1987, known for his environmental and social policies. His tree-planting campaigns are often cited as an earlier African precedent for the vision.
Land degradation neutrality: A state in which the amount and quality of land resources remain stable or improve within a defined area and period. It supplies a global target against which restoration efforts can be assessed.
Environmental migration: Human movement influenced partly by environmental change, including climate impacts and resource degradation. The initiative aims to strengthen livelihoods in places where environmental pressures can contribute to migration.
Assisted natural regeneration: The protection and management of natural regrowth to help ecosystems recover from degradation. It offers a restoration method suited to places where planting is costly or ecologically mismatched.
Pan-African Agency of the Great Green Wall: An intergovernmental agency established by participating Sahelian countries to coordinate the Great Green Wall initiative. It gives the initiative a dedicated regional coordination body.

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