Great Moravia

Great Moravia was a Slavic polity in Central Europe that flourished during the ninth century, centered on the Morava River region and shaped by Frankish rivalry and Byzantine Christian missions.

Mojmir I: Mojmir I was the earliest known ruler of the Moravian polity, reigning in the first half of the ninth century. His rule marks the dynasty’s emergence before Great Moravia’s documented expansion.
Cyril and Methodius: Cyril and Methodius were Byzantine brothers who led a Christian mission to Great Moravia in the ninth century. Their mission established a Slavic-language liturgical and literary tradition in the polity.
Old Church Slavonic: Old Church Slavonic is the earliest attested Slavic literary language, developed for Christian texts in the ninth century. It gave the Moravian mission a language for worship and religious writing.
Mikulčice: Mikulčice is an archaeological site in southeastern Moravia with the remains of a major early medieval fortified settlement. Its extensive fortifications and churches make it a leading candidate for a Moravian political center.
Cyrillic script: Cyrillic is an alphabet developed in the First Bulgarian Empire for writing Slavic languages, based partly on Greek letters. The Moravian mission’s disciples carried Slavic literacy into regions where Cyrillic later developed.
Rastislav: Rastislav was a ninth-century ruler of Great Moravia who sought greater independence from East Francia. His appeal to Byzantium helped redirect the polity’s religious and diplomatic ties.
Saint Methodius: Saint Methodius was a Byzantine missionary and archbishop who promoted Christian worship and writing in a Slavic language. As the mission’s surviving leader, he defended its work amid Frankish opposition.
Glagolitic script: Glagolitic is the oldest known alphabet created specifically to write Slavic languages. Cyril and Methodius used it to render Christian texts in a Slavic language.
Pohansko: Pohansko is an early medieval fortified settlement near Břeclav in the Czech Republic, occupied in the ninth century. Its scale and elite remains illuminate settlement and power in Great Moravia.
Slavic liturgy: Slavic liturgy is Christian worship conducted in a Slavic language rather than Greek or Latin. Its Moravian adoption challenged Latin clerical control and influenced later Slavic Christian traditions.

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