Greater Bulgaria

Greater Bulgaria is a Bulgarian nationalist vision of a state encompassing territories considered historically or ethnically Bulgarian, often linked to the borders proposed by the Treaty of San Stefano in 1878.

Treaty of San Stefano: The 1878 treaty that ended the Russo-Turkish War and proposed a large autonomous Bulgaria under Ottoman suzerainty. Its proposed borders became the clearest territorial model associated with Greater Bulgaria.
Treaty of Berlin (1878): The 1878 treaty that revised the San Stefano settlement and reduced the territory of the proposed Bulgarian state. It replaced the expansive San Stefano borders with a smaller principality and separate Ottoman provinces.
Georgi Rakovski: A Bulgarian revolutionary and writer who advocated national liberation from Ottoman rule in the nineteenth century. His activism helped develop the political language of Bulgarian national liberation.
Macedonian nationalism: A movement asserting a distinct Macedonian national identity and political rights in the geographic region of Macedonia. It challenges Bulgarian nationalist claims that Macedonia belongs within a Bulgarian national territory.
Bulgarian National Revival: A nineteenth-century movement of cultural, educational, and political renewal among Bulgarians under Ottoman rule. Its efforts to establish Bulgarian identity and institutions helped make national unification a political goal.
Principality of Bulgaria: An autonomous state established in 1878 north of the Balkan Mountains, nominally under Ottoman suzerainty. It was the core state left after the Berlin settlement curtailed the San Stefano vision.
Vasil Levski: A Bulgarian revolutionary who organized clandestine networks for liberation from Ottoman rule and envisioned an independent republic. His revolutionary networks advanced national independence, though not a specific San Stefano-style border program.
Serbian nationalism: A political movement promoting Serbian national identity and, historically, the unification of Serb-inhabited lands. Serbian territorial claims in Macedonia and Kosovo competed with Bulgarian ambitions.
Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878): A war in which Russia and its allies defeated the Ottoman Empire, leading to major changes in the Balkans. Its outcome enabled the San Stefano settlement and its proposed Bulgarian state.
Eastern Rumelia: An autonomous Ottoman province created in 1878 south of the Balkan Mountains, with a predominantly Bulgarian population. Its 1885 union with Bulgaria partially reversed the division imposed at Berlin.

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