Greater Germany

Greater Germany is a German nationalist vision of a unified state encompassing Austria and other German-speaking territories. It contrasts with the Kleindeutschland model, which excluded Austria.

German question: The nineteenth-century debate over whether and how German-speaking lands should form a unified political nation. The Greater Germany vision was one answer to this dispute over national borders.
Kleindeutschland: A German unification model that excluded Austria and placed Prussia at the center of the nation-state. It offered the principal alternative to a state incorporating Austria.
Anschluss: The annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in March 1938. It briefly united Austria and Germany under the Greater Germany idea through coercive expansion.
Treaty of Versailles: The 1919 peace treaty that imposed terms on Germany after World War I. Its restrictions barred German-Austrian union after both countries sought it in 1918.
Congress of Vienna: The 1814–1815 settlement that reorganized Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. Its German Confederation grouped Austrian and Prussian lands without creating a nation-state.
Unification of Germany: The political process that established the German Empire in 1871 under Prussian leadership. The empire realized a Prussian-led, Austria-excluding settlement rather than Greater Germany.
Pan-Germanism: A political movement seeking unity among German-speaking peoples, often across existing state borders. It supplied a broader nationalist framework for claims to German-speaking territories.
Treaty of Trianon: The 1920 peace treaty that established Hungary's postwar borders after the dissolution of Austria-Hungary. The breakup of the Habsburg lands reshaped which German-speaking territories could be claimed.
German Confederation: A loose association of German states established in 1815 and dissolved in 1866. Austria's presidency gave it a central place in early German political arrangements.
Austro-Prussian War: The 1866 conflict in which Prussia defeated Austria and its German allies. Prussia's victory removed Austria from German political organization.

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Baden RevolutionCompared with: This competing model shows that revolutionaries disagreed over the future state as well as its form.