Greek genocide

The persecution, deportation, forced labor, and mass killing of Ottoman Greeks by Ottoman authorities and nationalist forces from the late Ottoman period through the Greco-Turkish War.

Ottoman Greek deportations: Forced removals of Greek communities from their homes by Ottoman authorities during the early twentieth century. Deportation was a central means of dispossession and exposure to hunger, disease, and violence.
Ottoman Empire: A multiethnic empire centered in Anatolia that lasted from the late thirteenth century until its dissolution after World War I. Greek communities lived across this empire before its final decade of upheaval.
Mehmed Talaat Pasha: An Ottoman statesman and leading Committee of Union and Progress figure who served as grand vizier from 1917 to 1918. His wartime government directed policies of deportation and repression against Christian communities.
Smyrna fire: The September 1922 fire that destroyed much of Smyrna’s Greek and Armenian quarters during the Turkish nationalist capture of the city. The fire became a defining episode in the destruction and flight of Smyrna’s Christian population.
Armenian genocide: The Ottoman government’s deportation and mass killing of Armenians during World War I, especially from 1915 to 1917. It was a contemporaneous campaign against another Ottoman Christian population, with a distinct chronology and targeted community.
Amale Taifeleri: Ottoman labor battalions in which many Christian men were conscripted under harsh conditions during World War I. Greek men assigned to labor battalions faced lethal deprivation and abuse.
Balkan Wars: Two wars fought in southeastern Europe in 1912–1913 that sharply reduced Ottoman territory in the Balkans. Their territorial losses and refugee crises heightened insecurity and nationalist politics.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: The military and political leader who founded the Republic of Turkey and led the Turkish national movement. His forces prevailed in the war that ended Greek presence in much of Anatolia.
Pontic Greeks: A Greek-speaking community historically rooted along the southern Black Sea coast. Pontic communities experienced deportations, forced labor, and killings during the period.
Assyrian genocide: The mass killing and deportation of Assyrian Christians by Ottoman forces and allied groups during World War I. It forms another related but distinct case of wartime violence against Ottoman Christians.

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