Green politics

Green politics is an ideology and movement centered on ecological sustainability, social justice, grassroots democracy, and nonviolence. It links environmental protection with changes to economic and political power.

Ecological modernization: An approach that seeks to reconcile economic growth with environmental protection through technological and institutional change. It offers a reformist route to sustainability that contrasts with Green politics’ wider critique of growth and power.
Rachel Carson: An American marine biologist and writer whose book Silent Spring exposed the ecological harms of pesticides. Her work helped turn environmental concerns into a broad political issue.
Climate justice: An approach to climate change that addresses unequal responsibility, vulnerability, and participation in climate decisions. It applies Green politics’ ecological and social commitments to climate policy.
Social democracy: A political tradition supporting democratic government, social welfare, and regulated market economies. It shares social-justice aims but has often accepted economic growth more readily than Green politics.
Die Grünen: Germany’s Green Party, founded in 1980 and shaped by environmental, peace, and social movements. Its entry into national government demonstrated that Green politics could become an electoral force.
Environmental justice: A movement and framework addressing the unequal distribution of environmental harms and access to environmental benefits. It grounds Green politics’ claim that ecological policy must also confront social inequality.
Green party: A political party that organizes around ecological sustainability and related social and democratic principles. Green parties became the movement’s most visible electoral institutions.
Renewable energy transition: The shift from fossil fuels toward energy systems based on renewable sources such as wind and solar. It is a central policy route for reducing ecological damage and carbon emissions.
Ecofascism: Authoritarian politics that invokes environmental protection while promoting exclusion, hierarchy, or ethnic nationalism. It shows how environmental language can be used against Green politics’ commitments to justice and democracy.
European Green Party: A federation of Green political parties that coordinates activity at the European level. It shows how Green parties built cross-border institutions around shared political commitments.

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