Gregor Mendel

Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk and scientist whose experiments with pea plants established foundational principles of heredity, including the segregation of inherited factors.

Mendelian inheritance: Inheritance patterns in which traits are transmitted according to Mendel’s principles of segregation and independent assortment. The pea-plant results became the classic evidence for this broader pattern of inheritance.
Law of segregation: The principle that paired alleles separate during gamete formation, so each gamete receives one allele. It explains why recessive traits reappeared in Mendel’s second-generation plants.
St. Thomas's Abbey: An Augustinian abbey in Brno where Mendel lived, taught, and conducted his plant experiments. Its garden and institutional setting housed the experiments that produced his findings.
Rediscovery of Mendel's work: The independent recognition of Mendel’s inheritance findings by European botanists around 1900. It brought Mendel’s paper into scientific discussion decades after its publication.
Incomplete dominance: An inheritance pattern in which a heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype between those of two homozygotes. It differs from the complete masking seen in many of Mendel’s pea traits.
Pea plant: Pisum sativum is a legume cultivated for its edible seeds and used in Mendel’s heredity experiments. Its contrasting, easily observed traits made it suitable for Mendel’s crosses.
Law of independent assortment: The principle that alleles of different genes assort independently when the genes are unlinked. Mendel inferred it from the combinations of traits in two-character crosses.
Brno: A city in the historical region of Moravia, now part of the Czech Republic. Mendel conducted his research and presented his results in Brno.
Hugo de Vries: A Dutch botanist whose work on plant variation contributed to the rediscovery of Mendelian inheritance. De Vries was among the scientists who independently reached results resembling Mendel’s.
Codominance: An inheritance pattern in which both alleles are distinctly expressed in a heterozygote. It shows that alleles need not form the dominant–recessive relationship common in Mendel’s examples.

Linked from 23 pages