Gregory G. Pincus

Gregory G. Pincus (1903–1967) was an American biologist whose reproductive research helped develop the first widely used oral contraceptive pill.

Katharine McCormick: Katharine McCormick was a biologist and philanthropist who financed research toward the first oral contraceptive pill. Her funding enabled Pincus’s laboratory to pursue a practical contraceptive.
Oral contraceptive pill: An oral contraceptive pill is a medication taken by mouth to prevent pregnancy, commonly by suppressing ovulation. It is the practical outcome of the research Pincus helped organize.
Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology: The Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology was a Massachusetts research institute founded by Gregory Pincus and Hudson Hoagland. Pincus used the foundation as the institutional base for his reproductive research.
Enovid: Enovid was the first oral contraceptive approved in the United States, initially for menstrual disorders in 1957. Its approval as a contraceptive in 1960 marked the immediate result of Pincus’s work.
John Rock: John Rock was an American gynecologist who conducted clinical research on the oral contraceptive pill. He led the clinical trials that tested the pill developed by Pincus’s research team.
Ovulation: Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from an ovary. Pincus’s team investigated hormones that could prevent this release.
Harvard University: Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where Pincus studied and began his academic career. Pincus’s early work and appointment there preceded his founding of the Worcester Foundation.
Griswold v. Connecticut: Griswold v. Connecticut was a 1965 U.S. Supreme Court decision recognizing married couples’ right to use contraception. The pill’s availability formed part of the context for this landmark contraception ruling.
Min Chueh Chang: Min Chueh Chang was a reproductive biologist whose work on fertilization and hormones contributed to contraceptive research. Chang’s laboratory research helped establish the biological basis for hormonal contraception.
Progesterone: Progesterone is a steroid hormone involved in the menstrual cycle and in maintaining pregnancy. Pincus explored its ability to suppress ovulation when administered in sufficient doses.

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