Ground hornbill

Ground hornbills are two large African bird species in the genus Bucorvus. They spend much of their time on the ground and have bare skin on the head and throat.

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Bucorvus: A genus of two large African ground-dwelling hornbill species. This genus contains both species called ground hornbills.
Cooperative breeding: A social system in which individuals help raise offspring that are not their own. Ground hornbill groups may include helpers that assist a breeding pair.
Savanna: A tropical or subtropical ecosystem with continuous grasses and scattered trees. Savannas provide much of the open habitat used by ground hornbills.
Habitat fragmentation: The division of continuous habitat into smaller, isolated patches. Fragmentation can separate ground hornbill groups and reduce suitable nesting sites.
Southern ground hornbill: A large African bird, Bucorvus leadbeateri, found mainly in southern and eastern Africa. It is one of the two living ground hornbill species.
Territoriality: The defense of an area against members of the same species or other competitors. Groups use calls and displays to maintain territories.
African bush elephant: The largest living land mammal, native to sub-Saharan Africa. Elephants can shape the woodlands and open spaces where ground hornbills forage.
Secondary poisoning: The poisoning of an animal that consumes prey or carrion containing a toxic substance. Ground hornbills can be harmed by poisoned animals or carcasses.
Abyssinian ground hornbill: A large African bird, Bucorvus abyssinicus, found across parts of sub-Saharan Africa. It is the other living species in the genus Bucorvus.
Vocal communication: The transmission of information through sounds produced by an animal. Deep, far-carrying calls help ground hornbills communicate across open habitat.