Group 3 element

A chemical element assigned to Group 3 of the periodic table, whose conventional members are scandium and yttrium; the group’s lower positions are disputed between lutetium and lawrencium or lanthanum and actinium.

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Periodic table: A tabular arrangement of chemical elements ordered by atomic number and recurring chemical properties. Group 3 is defined by the elements’ positions in this arrangement.
Scandium: A silvery metallic chemical element with atomic number 21 and symbol Sc. It is a conventional Group 3 member and illustrates the group’s early transition-metal chemistry.
Lutetium: A silvery lanthanide metal with atomic number 71 and symbol Lu. Some periodic-table conventions place it below yttrium in Group 3.
Aluminium-scandium alloy: An aluminium alloy strengthened by small additions of scandium, often through aluminum-scandium precipitates. It demonstrates how scandium’s low-abundance chemistry supports high-performance lightweight materials.
Periodic table groups: The vertical columns of the periodic table, whose elements often share valence-electron patterns and chemical properties. Group membership supplies the defining classification for these elements.
Yttrium: A silvery metallic chemical element with atomic number 39 and symbol Y. It is the other undisputed conventional member of Group 3.
Lawrencium: A radioactive synthetic element with atomic number 103 and symbol Lr. It is paired with lutetium in one influential Group 3 membership proposal.
Scandium iodide: An inorganic compound of scandium and iodine used in some metal-halide lamps. Scandium compounds contribute to the spectral output of specialized lighting.
Electron configuration: The distribution of an atom’s electrons among orbitals and energy levels. Valence configurations help explain similarities among Group 3 metals.
Oxidation state: A formal measure of an atom’s electron loss or gain in a compound. The +3 state is characteristic of scandium, yttrium, and their heavier candidates.