Guanosine diphosphate

Guanosine diphosphate (GDP) is a nucleotide composed of guanine, ribose, and two phosphate groups. It forms when guanosine triphosphate loses a phosphate group and serves as a substrate for GTP regeneration.

Guanosine triphosphate: Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a guanine nucleotide with three phosphate groups that powers cellular reactions and molecular switches. Loss of GTP’s terminal phosphate produces GDP.
Guanosine: Guanosine is a nucleoside composed of the purine base guanine linked to ribose. GDP’s guanine-and-ribose core is guanosine.
Heterotrimeric G protein: A heterotrimeric G protein is a three-subunit signaling protein that binds GDP or GTP on its alpha subunit. GDP binding keeps its alpha subunit inactive until receptor-driven exchange.
Guanosine monophosphate: Guanosine monophosphate (GMP) is a guanine nucleotide with one phosphate group. GMP has one fewer phosphate group than GDP.
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase: Nucleoside diphosphate kinase transfers phosphate groups between nucleoside diphosphates and triphosphates. It can regenerate GTP by transferring a phosphate to GDP.
Guanine: Guanine is a purine nucleobase found in DNA, RNA, and guanine nucleotides. It is the nitrogenous base at GDP’s core.
Ras protein: Ras is a small GTPase that relays signals from cell-surface receptors to intracellular pathways. Ras is inactive when GDP-bound and active when GTP-bound.
Deoxyguanosine diphosphate: Deoxyguanosine diphosphate is a guanine nucleotide with deoxyribose and two phosphate groups. Replacing GDP’s ribose hydroxyl with hydrogen yields the deoxy form.
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor: A guanine nucleotide exchange factor promotes release of GDP from a GTP-binding protein. GDP release allows the protein to bind GTP and switch states.
Ribose: Ribose is a five-carbon sugar found in RNA and many biological nucleotides. GDP’s guanine base attaches to this sugar.

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Substrate-level phosphorylationRelated: Succinyl-CoA synthetase can phosphorylate GDP instead of ADP.