Guanosine monophosphate

Guanosine monophosphate (GMP) is a nucleotide consisting of guanine, ribose, and one phosphate group. It is an RNA building block and an intermediate in purine metabolism.

Inosine monophosphate: Inosine monophosphate is a purine nucleotide and the branch-point precursor for AMP and GMP synthesis. The de novo pathway converts this shared purine precursor into GMP.
Guanine: Guanine is a purine nucleobase found in DNA, RNA, and several cellular metabolites. Guanine supplies the nitrogen-containing base in GMP.
RNA: RNA is a nucleic acid made from ribonucleotides that performs informational, structural, and catalytic roles. GMP is incorporated into RNA wherever guanine appears in its sequence.
Guanosine: Guanosine is a nucleoside composed of guanine attached to ribose, without phosphate. Removing GMP's phosphate yields guanosine.
GMP synthase: GMP synthase is an enzyme that converts XMP to GMP using glutamine as a nitrogen donor. It catalyzes the final step of de novo GMP production.
Ribose: Ribose is a five-carbon sugar found in RNA and many biological molecules. Ribose links guanine to phosphate in the ribonucleotide structure.
RNA polymerase: RNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA or RNA template. It incorporates guanosine triphosphate, derived through GMP phosphorylation, into growing RNA.
Guanosine diphosphate: Guanosine diphosphate is a guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups. GDP differs from GMP by one additional phosphate group.
Guanylate kinase: Guanylate kinase is an enzyme that phosphorylates GMP to form GDP. It begins the phosphorylation sequence that turns GMP into higher-energy guanine nucleotides.
Phosphate group: A phosphate group is a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One phosphate group distinguishes GMP from guanosine and higher-phosphate guanine nucleotides.

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