Guantánamo Bay detention camp

A United States military detention facility established in 2002 at Naval Station Guantánamo Bay in Cuba. It became known for holding terrorism suspects outside the ordinary U.S. criminal justice system.

Military commissions of the United States: U.S. military tribunals authorized to try certain offenses under the law of war. The camp became the principal site for trials conducted under this separate military system.
Rasul v. Bush: A 2004 U.S. Supreme Court decision holding that federal courts could hear habeas petitions from foreign nationals held at Guantánamo. It established federal courts' jurisdiction over challenges by camp detainees.
September 11 attacks: A series of coordinated terrorist attacks by al-Qaeda against the United States on September 11, 2001. The attacks prompted the U.S. military campaign and detention policies that led to the camp.
Bagram Theater Internment Facility: A U.S. military detention facility at Bagram Airfield in Afghanistan, operated during the war in Afghanistan. Like Guantánamo, it held wartime detainees, but it operated inside an active conflict zone.
Authorization for Use of Military Force of 2001: A U.S. congressional resolution authorizing force against those responsible for the September 11 attacks and associated groups. The executive branch relied on this authorization to detain people captured in the post-9/11 conflict.
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld: A 2006 U.S. Supreme Court decision ruling that the military commissions created for Guantánamo detainees lacked lawful authority as then constituted. The decision forced the government to seek congressional authorization for a revised commission system.
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021): A military conflict that began with the 2001 U.S.-led invasion of Afghanistan and continued until 2021. Many early Guantánamo detainees were captured during the U.S.-led campaign in Afghanistan.
Abu Ghraib prison: An Iraqi prison where U.S. personnel abused detainees during the Iraq War, with abuses exposed publicly in 2004. Both became symbols of U.S. detention abuses, but Abu Ghraib was in Iraq and later closed.
Combatant Status Review Tribunal: A U.S. administrative tribunal process established in 2004 to review whether Guantánamo detainees were enemy combatants. These reviews assessed detainees' classifications without functioning as criminal trials.
Boumediene v. Bush: A 2008 U.S. Supreme Court decision recognizing constitutional habeas rights for foreign detainees held at Guantánamo. It overturned statutory limits that had blocked detainees from seeking federal habeas review.

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