Guide dog

A dog trained to help a blind or visually impaired person travel safely by avoiding obstacles, stopping at hazards, and following directions.

Selective disobedience: A guide dog's trained refusal to follow a handler's command when doing so would create danger. It lets the dog prioritize immediate hazards over a command to move forward.
Pedestrian crossing: A designated place or route for pedestrians to cross a road. Guide dogs can stop at curbs, but handlers judge when traffic makes crossing safe.
Oldenburg guide dog school: A German institution established after World War I to train dogs for blinded veterans. It was among the first organized schools devoted to guide-dog training.
White cane: A long cane used by a person with visual impairment to detect obstacles and surface changes while traveling. Unlike a guide dog, it gives direct tactile information without independently choosing a path.
Guide dog harness: A rigid or semi-rigid harness that connects a guide dog's movement to its handler's hand. Its handle transmits directional movement and signals when the dog navigates.
Public access rights: Legal protections allowing people with disabilities to enter places and use services on equal terms. These rights commonly extend to access with a trained guide dog.
Morris Frank: An American advocate who helped establish guide-dog training in the United States. His partnership with Buddy helped bring the practice to public attention.
Electronic travel aid: A device that uses sensors or signals to help a person with visual impairment detect surroundings while traveling. Electronic aids supplement sensing but do not provide a dog's trained route guidance.
Orientation and mobility: Skills and techniques that help people with visual impairments understand their surroundings and travel independently. Guide-dog work is one mobility approach within this broader practice.
Service animal: An animal trained to perform tasks that assist a person with a disability. Guide dogs are a specific kind of service animal.

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